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The voltage rating on a capacitor is the max voltage you can safely apply to it without causing damage. You can replace a cap with a higher voltage unit without causing harm...Though on some electrolytics if you rate them too high (like say installing a 450V cap where a 150V was) they may not age as well as they should years down the road (plus higher voltage costs more especially in lytics).
Ceramic is fine for filtering the HV supply however if that set is electrostatic deflection (7JP4 CRT and a few other CRTs) the KV rated caps that couple the signal from the H and V scan circuits to the deflection plates should be film type. Ceramic caps can sort of work for sweep coupling but you either have to increase the capacitance by ~2x (ceramics tend to lose capacitance at high voltage), or live with shrunken and or non-linear sweep.
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