It appears your yellow screen grid bypass cap was jammed right up tight against the Horizontal Output plate lead soldered to pin 7. That's the Do Not Measure point on your Sams schematic. Speculating but it's possible high voltage burned through the outer plastic film trying to get to the ground layer. Or the socket terminal could have knifed through the insulation. It also looks charred down inside the center of the socket base. The 8.2k doesn't show any sign of heat, so it likely was not part of the short.
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