Actually, all conventional electron beam CRTs have some level of residual gas present in them, so in that sense they are filled, usually, with low levels of Hydrogen and Nitrogen gas, even small amounts of argon. But we're talking really low levels. Noble gases are usually always found several reasons, first, these gases are made from lighter elements in the periodic chart and can be often difficult for the getter to pump away. Second, they are typically stable and resisit breakdown, and thrid, slow leaks usually allow the lightest molecules to slip into the tube.
So called "gassy" tubes occur when very high residual gas levels are found inside the CRT. High residual gas pressures result in more significant collisions with electrons emitted from the electron gun of the tube. Gas molecules get in the way and collide with the electrons from the gun causing them to scatter, resulting in poor electron optics performance of the gun so fewer electrons focus onto the screen. Hence, we get a dim washed out picture. Sometimes you can peer through the neck of a CRT an see a purplish glow - usually indicated gassy conditions as the residual gas moelcules ionize in the present of high electric fields from the kinode.
But, I suppose what you really meant was, has someone deliberately made a CRT that requires a "gas" to operate. Well, the plasma display is one such device, invented by Robert Wilson in 1964. Think about a CRT without scanning electrons and where each pixel is represented by an single CRT. A plasma display is made up of hundereds of thousands of tiny cells filled with Xenon or Neon gas. It takes hundresd of thousands of these cells just to make up the picture. There are other examples too - limited only by your imagination.
