Important update: I have something on screen!
I ended up having to slightly rewire the power supply because of the B+ resistor I installed. At first I had some lines crossed, and that was causing a strange hump (like the negative going half of a sine wave) to appear in the vertical scanning waveform. It also screwed with the sync circuits, causing a no lock situation for both vert and horizontal. After fixing the B+ supply, the voltages fell perfectly in line and the scanning waveforms looked perfect as well as having perfect sync. I had been injecting a signal into the video amp tube, because I wasn't sure of the condition of the tuner. Now that I have things in order though, I hooked the tuner back up and it works just fine.
Color is even trying to work, but it's not quite there. I think I'll probably end up having to do a full on chroma alignment, even though it pains me to think about it. Last time (on the CTC-7), it took like a weeks worth of fiddling to get things to fall into place.
Here's a pic of what I have thus far: