I used a couple of the Russian P416A's to replace the weak and leaky 1st, and 2nd IF transistors in my ZTO Royal 1000. Other then being a royal PIA to install because the lead outs are different from the US transistors, which would have been a whole lot harder had I not had hemostats. They are working very well, the noise floor of the ZTO was considerably reduced and the alignment was not affected. I am very pleased.