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If the household does have electric heating for water and in the same time it using an electric cooking machine, it dosen't need 2 phases or 3 phases?
In Romania for one phase you can use no more then 6-7 Ampers on one phase and we have 230 Volts... at 120 Volts you need more Amps.
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That's the split-phase.
Breaker panels are setup with a common neutral and when you plug a breaker in you are either tapping into one half of the phase or the other. Going from that one half to neutral (basically earth ground but by code it can only terminate in the breaker panel) it's 120v, but if you take one half the phase and connect it with the other half the phase you get 240v
There is some variance on the voltage, hence you will see North americans show a line voltage anywhere between 110 and 120v, but when you combine the halves it's always that voltage, but doubled.
For people with electric water heaters that will almost always live on a 30A breaker. Same goes for the stove and dryer. I've seen electric heat furnaces use that, and higher like 40A or even 50A single phase. In most places around here electric heat makes no practical sense because gas and propane are so cheap compared to electricity. Even oil burning heaters are rare.
The last electric heat system I removed though was three-phase on a 30A breaker