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As others have said, all these machines use "colour under". The chroma is separated from the luma, heterodyned on to a much lower frequency carrier, and recorded as an AM signal. The luma is FM, as it always was.
There will always be compromises separating Y and C, especially before comb filters were common. It's also much harder in PAL than NTSC. There will also be overlap between the lower sidebands of the FM Y signal and the AM C signal. The effects of this are minimised by various means.
I'm just amazed the whole thing worked as well as it did.
625 line PAL has a wider luma bandwidth than NTSC so there was more urgency to move to high band in PAL.
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